Hello free essay sample

What mass of oxygen is needed to produce 13 g of this product? 31g + x = 71g 71g 31g = 40g oxygen This means that in 71 g of the product there are 40 g of oxygen. 40/71 * 13 g = 7. 32 g 44. Gasoline can be approximated by the formula C8H18. An environmental advocate claims that burning 1 gallon (about 7 lb) of gasoline produces about 19 lb of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Explain this apparent contradiction of the law of conservation of mass. Because there is no oxygen added to the 7lbs of C8H18 and therefore, you cannot create oxygen without having oxygen because mass and matter is not created or destroyed. 6. Two experiments were performed in which sulfur was burned completely in pure oxygen gas, producing sulfur dioxide and leaving some unreacted oxygen. In the first experiment, 0. 312 g of sulfur produced 0. 623 g of sulfur dioxide. In the second experiment, 1. 305 g of sulfur was burned. What mass of sulfur dioxide was produced? 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Hello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 312g S = 0. 623g So2 1. 305g S = x So2 0. 623g So2 *1. 30g S /0. 13g S =2. 61g So2 produced Chapter 3 6. What is the mass in u of each atom in Question 5? Atom A- 21 amu Atom B- 21 amu Atom C- 22 amu Atom D- 20 amu 7. Compare Dalton’s model of the atom with the nuclear model of the atom. Dalton atomic model is the simplest model. Atoms only described as a very small ball but massive. This model is still not familiar with the charge within the atom. The nuclear model the atoms are not massive but hollow objects. Electrons are not scattered evenly in the nucleus but are at great distances from the nucleus. Rutherfords theory also states that the electrons are not silent but orbit around the nucleus. 9. What are the symbol, name, and atomic mass of the element that has 18 protons in the nucleus of its atoms? Symbol= Ar (Argon) mass= 39. 948g 10. Explain what is meant by the term atomic mass. Atomic mass is the weight of protons and neutrons combined in an element 14. How many electrons are there in the neutral atoms of the elements listed in Question 13? Helium= 2Oxygen= 8 Sodium=11Magnesium= 12 Chlorine=17Sulfur= 16 16. Fill in the following table: Element Mass Number Protons Neutrons Cobalt602732 Fluorine 19 910 Uranium23892143 Lead20782124 20. Without referring to the periodic table, give the atomic numbers of the elements with the following electron structures. a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 = 13 . 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 = 11 c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 = 20 Chapter 4 2. What are the structural differences among chlorine atoms, chlorine molecules, and chloride ions? How do their properties differ? A chlorine molecule consists of two chlorine atoms bound together by a covalent bond. The symbol of a chlorine molecule is Cl2. Chlorine atom is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. Chloride is either an ion (with extra electron), or a covalent or ionically bounded substance Chlorine atom 2,8,7(unstable,reactive) Chloride ion-2,8,8(stable,not very reactive) 3. Indicate charges on simple ions formed from the following elements. a. group 3A = +3 b. group 6A = -2 c. group 1A = +1 d. group 7A = -1 5. How many covalent bonds do each of the following usually form? You may refer to the periodic table. a. H = 1 b. C = 4 c. O = 2 d. F = 1 e. N = 3 f. Br = 1 8. Give Lewis symbols for each of the following elements. You may use the periodic table. a. nitrogen = N b. chlorine = Cl c. boron = B 10. Give Lewis structures for each of the following. a. magnesium oxide = MgO b. strontium chloride = SrCl2 c. sodium bromide = NaBr d. lithium nitride = Li3N 14. Refer to page 97. Then use that information to name the following ions. a. Mo4+ = molybdenum(4+) b. Mo6+ = molybdenum ion 18. Name the following binary ionic compounds. a. LiF = lithium fluoride b. CaCl2 = calcium chloride c. MgS = magnesium sulfide d. AgI = Silver iodide e. CuO = copper (II) oxide f. Cu2O = copper (I) oxide 22. Give formulas for the following. a. silver nitrate = AgNO3 b. lithium chromate = Li2CrO4 c. magnesium nitrite = Mg(NO2)2 d. copper(I) phosphate = Cu3(PO4)2 24. Name the following. a. KMnO4 = Potassium permanganate b. CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate c. Li2C2O4 = Lithium Oxalate d. Cu(OH)2 = Copper(II) hydroxide 2. Give formulas for the following covalent compounds. a. oxygen difluoride = OF2 b. chlorine trifluoride = ClF3 c. tricarbon dioxide = C3O2 34. Name the following covalent compounds. a. CBr4 = Tetrabromomethane b. Cl2O7 = Dichlorine heptoxide c. P4S10 = Phosphorus pentasulfide 36. Give Lewis formulas that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. a. NCl3 b. C2H4 c. H2SO4 d. C2H2 e. CH2O f. SCl2 38. Give Lewis formulas that follow the octet rule for the following ions. a. CN? b. ClO2? c. HSO4? 40. Classify the following covalent bonds as polar or nonpolar. a. H — N = polar b. Be — F = ionic c. P — Cl = polar 46. Classify the bonds in the following as ionic or covalent. For bonds that are covalent, indicate whether they are polar or nonpolar. a. NO = polar b. CaO = ionic c. NaBr = ionic 56. Which of the following atoms or molecules are free radicals? a. S = not a free radical b. NO2 = free radical c. N2O4 = not a free radical 66. Is there such a thing as a sodium chloride molecule? Explain. Sodium chloride is a compound that consists of ions. There is no such thing as a molecule of sodium chloride. Instead, sodium chloride consists of sodium ions and chloride ions. Hello free essay sample Project Rationale The Ipso Appear Program has been conceptualized for the purpose of reaching out to the local student council and sharing the advocacy on education which in embodied in the said project. The Central Student Council will serve as the supervising body of the Ipso Appear Program and help the colleges/faculties start this council scholarship for students performing well in academics, but are experiencing financial difficulties. This is open to all students of the college/faculty/institution.Since not everyone is privileged to obtain a scholarship from the university. This project aims to reach out to exemplary students; serving as an avenue to inculcate the Thomas value of compassion in the student community. The Trust Fund is whatever is left from the collected money; it will automatically be allocated called as the Trust Fund of the Ipso Appear Program which has two purposes. First, this will be the starting money for the next semester of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Hello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Second, the excess donations will be used to support the PISTIL pledge program of the Peccaries De Santos Thomas.V. Project Objectives This project aims: To inculcate the Thomas value of compassion within the NAME OF YOUR COLLEGE/FACULTY; TO promote the importance Of education in nation building and an Optimized Financial Stability and Transparency for the academic year 2014-2015; To create an avenue for the student body in caching out to their fellow Dominants in need of financial aid; To provide financial assistance to the chosen students who would study in the university.VI. Project Description MECHANICS: 1) The President of the (name of your local student council) will meet with the Central Board and the Central Student Council to discuss the project, its purpose, objectives and process; 2) After the meeting the President and its Executive Board will meet with the legislative body of the college/faculty/institution to discuss the Ipso Appear Program. 3) A contract/pledge will be created containing the following details: a. The presentation of the Ipso Appear Program must be discussed only by the Central Student Council Treasurer (Officer-in-charge), the Executive Chief of the SC-Treasurer or the Director of the Finance Committee to promote the uniformity of the mechanics of the project. B. The system of collection which will be selected and discussed upon by the Executive Board and the Legislative body. C. A semesters report (information of the scholar, total collected money, breakdown of expenses, etc. ) must be submitted to the Central Student Council and to the Deans office for transparency and accountability. D. The presentation of the scholar/s to their college/faculty, the Central Student Council and the Thomas community is REQUIRED. E. There must be continuity of the project to the next set of elected officers. F. The Ipso Appear Program will be monitored by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer of their respective college/faculty. 4) Collection Process: There will be two kinds of collection. SEMESTERS or MONTHLY MONTHLY = Each student will donate a total of pH. 20. 00 per month. The first collection will be from the month of July until October for the first semester and from January to May for the second semester. Hello free essay sample A land bridge once connected N America to the Asian continent where the Bering Sea now exists. Humans used this bridge for some 250 centuries populating the Americas d. By 1492, 54 million people inhabited the Americas e. Maize helped to sustain the population f. Development of civilization: large cities, technology of the wheel, commerce g. Aztecs: religion human sacrifice Ill. The Earliest Americans a. The crop of corn in the highlands of Mexico (5000 BC) became the staple of the growing Aztec civ b. This transformed nomadic herders into agricultural villagers c. Corn reached NA Pueblos had intricate ways of watering their crops d. No dense concentrations of population or complex nation-states comparable to the Aztecs xisted in NA prior to the arrival of Europeans e. Mound Builders of the Ohio River Valley/Mississippian Culture/Anasazi of the Southwest (Map pg 9 p NA Indians and the first arrival of the Europeans) ancient cultures fell by 1300 AD (drought ) f. We will write a custom essay sample on Hello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Three-sister farming in the SE Atlantic (beans, corn and squash) led to some of the highest populations in NA (Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee) g. Iroquois (NE Woodlands) under their leader Hiawatha created the closest nation-state comparable to the Aztecs in Mexico. Development of the Iroquois Confederacy: political and military alliance h. For the most part on the eve of Europeans, Native Americans were living in small, scattered, impermanent settlements i. Nature didnt feel a heavy hand of the Native Americans. Roughly only 4 million Native Americans inhabited NA when the Europeans arrived they were unaware of their isolation IV. Indirect Discoverers of the New World a. Norsemen N. E. NA about 1000AD discovery only known in saga and song b. Europeans accidental discovery of the New World motivated by trade to get to Asia consumers and distributors were looking for a less expensive route to the riches of Asia V. Europeans enter Africa a. Macro Polo regarded as the indirect discoverer of the New World because of the stories of his travels b. Portuguese developed a ship called the caravel that could sail into the winds eventually leading to the ability to make their way into sub-Saharan Africa c. Portuguese set up trading posts along the shore for slaves and gold. Arabs and Africans had traded slaves for centuries before the Europeans (From the earliest days slavery inhibited the expression of regional African cultures and tribal identities) d. Portuguese began to use slaves in their sugar plantations their ppetite for slaves was huge compared to pre-European trade (40,000 Africans were carried to the Atlantic sugar islands in the last half of the 15th century) ** This kind of plantation economy would shape the destiny of the new world e. Unification of Spain under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile led to an increased competition with the Portuguese. Spain looked westward VI. Columbus Comes upon a New World a. 3 Ships/mutinous crew (remember the map of what Europeans knew of the world ) b. October 12, 1492 the Bahamas! c. Indians a mistake the stuck (he thought he hit the Indies) d. Thanks to his discoveries an interdependent global economic system emerged e. Europe- markets/ capital/technology Africa Labor New World resources VI. When Worlds Collide a. Native crops fed the growing population of the Old World (potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco) b. Introduction of the horse, cattle and pigs. Within 2 centuries they made their way to Canada **Transformation of Indian cultures into highly mobile, wide- ranging hunter societies that roamed the grassy Great Plains c. Also the CC brought sugar cane seedlings (What will this lead to? ) Transformation of European diet and African slave trade d. Kentucky bluegrass, daises and dandelions from the dirt on their boots e. The worst of all smallpox, yellow fever and malaria came from their bodies Indians died in droves **ln the centuries following CC 90% of Native Americans perished without parallel in human history f. Indians introduced syphilis into the European population VIII. The Spanish Conquistadores a. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the lands of the new world (mainly S America) b. Spain became the dominant exploring and colonizing power in the new world in the 1500s c. Balboa discovered the Pacific d. Magellans voyage was the first to circumnavigate the New World (he didnt make it) e. Ponce de Leon explored Florida possibly looking for the fountain of youth f. Hernando de Soto Mississippi River brutal mistreatment of the Indians h. Pizzaro (SA) crushed the Incas i. Discovery and control of precious minerals (silver) increased consumer costs by as much as 500% in the hundred years after the mid sixteenth century ** Some see this as the fuel that feed the new and growing idea of capitalism J. Led to modern commercial banking spread of commerce and manufacturing international trade with Asia k. Institution of the encomienda allowed the govt to commend (give) Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them In all by name it was slavery X. The Conquest of Mexico (remember map on 17 routes of Spanish explorers) a. Cortes set out for Mexico in 1519 b. Picked up two translators along the way to give me the advantage of language c. Learns of discontent in the Aztec Empire and hears stories of gold d. Attacks Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) their leader Moctezuma believed Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl (based on their legends) e. Battle began over the Spanish lust for gold all of the Aztecs 3 centuries of Spanish rule their city destroyed to make way for Catholic churches present day Mexico City: laws, customs, religion, crops and animals all were adaptable to the Mexicans f.